پژوهش‌های ایرانی | Chartaqi of Niasar: Calendric Structure of Niasar

Chartaqi of Niasar: Calendric Structure of Niasar

رضا مرادی غیاث آبادی

جمعه ۱۸ مرداد ۱۳۸۷

Chartaqi of Niasar: Home Page / Calendric Structure of Niasar / Power Point Version: 1.3 MB / PDF Version: 4.3 MB

By: Reza Moradi Ghiasabadi

Name: Čārtāqi Niāsar (Squared-Base Arcs).

Location: Niasar, West of Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran (250 km from south of Tehran).

Age: ~2000 years.

Latitude: 33˚ ۵۸٫۲۸′ N (±۰٫۰۱′).

Longitude: 51˚ ۰۸٫۵۳′ E (±۰٫۰۱′).

Altitude: 1,760 meters.

Altitude of the surrounding plain: 380 meters.

Orientation of its plan: 11˚ from true north (±۰٫۵˚), eastward.

Floor area measure: 142 m2.

Height: 10.50 m.

Length and Width: 11.90 m (±۲ cm).

Chartaqi of Niasar located near the city of Kashan (Fig. 1.1) and constructed during the late Parthian or early Sassanian Dynasties′ eras. Its plan is square in shap.

Fig. 1.1
Map of Falling rain

This Chartaqi (čārtāqi) is one of the greatest and the oldest one in Iran-proper that remained intact for over 2000 years.

It is plan is like quadrangle with sides that are 11.9 m (Fig. 1.2; Plan 1).

Fig. 1.2
Chartaqi of Niasar

For the construction of this monument the ancient Persian (Iranian) architects used residual rocks, which contain holes within, and as the result they are lightweight and resilient to weather and especially earthquake, which is why after 2000 years in this earthquake region of Iran this monument is still standing.

Plat 1
All sides of this Chartaqi like the other existing Chartaqis are open with no door or window (Fig. 1.3).

Fig. 1.3
Chartaqi of Niasar

Chartaqi of Niasar from also from architectural aspect is unique, in its’ quadrangle plan with circle cupola place in the centre very accurately.

In year 2000, author has proposed a theory about the function of Chartaqi of Niasar, as a calendar monument that works with sunlight. In summer and winter solstice the sunrays enter into the monument from different angles; and with them we can say the time of the year.

Observe:

Plat 2

There are, however, some theories that state that in ancient times Zorvanism use this place for their religious practices. Near this Chartaqi there is a shrine and holy tree (plantain) and also a fountain that makes it some how a holy place. Also near Chartaqi is a modern observatory.

Today Niasar is tryst for people who like astronomy in Iran.

Every year Chartaqi of Niasar is hosting a large number of Iranians that gather there to cherish their ancestral way of life and to mark the observance of sunrise on summer and winter solstice (Fig. 3.1, 3.2).

Plat 3
Two lines for summer solstice at sunrise

Fig. 2.1
Astronomical alignment SS 1
Photography time: Five minutes after sunrise

Fig. 2.2
Astronomical alignment SS 2
Photography time: Five minutes after sunrise

Plat 4

Fig. 2.3
Astronomical alignment WS
Mountain height on the horizon: 2˚
Photography time: Two minutes after sunrise

Fig. 2.4
Astronomical alignment WS
Mountain height on the horizon: 2˚
Photography time: Two minutes after sunrise

Plat 5

Fig. 2.5
Astronomical alignment ST
Mountain height on the horizon: 9˚
Photography time: Ten minutes before sunset

Plat 6
Two lines for winter solstice at sunset

Fig. 2.6
Astronomical alignment WT
Mountain height on the horizon: 7˚
Photography time: Two minutes before sunset

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.2

Fig. 3.3

For further detail refer to Nezām-e gāhšomāri dar Čārtāqihā-ye Iran (The Time keeping in Persain Squared-Base Arcs), Tehran, 2001, (Published in Persian); Banāhā-e taqvimi va nojūmi-e Irān (The Persain Calendric Structure), Second edition, Tehran, 2002, (Published in Persian), by the author of this article.
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The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies
صفحه اصلی و راهنمای مطالب موجود در باره چارتاقی نیاسر

Чартаки из Ниясар: Календарь структура Ниясар / ППС версия: ۱٫۳ МБ / ПДФ версия: ۴٫۳ МБ / Главная страница

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